Franz Krommer
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Franz Krommer ( cz, František Vincenc Kramář; 27 November 1759 in
Kamenice u Jihlavy Kamenice (; german: Kamenitz) is a market town in Jihlava District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 2,000 inhabitants. Administrative parts Villages of Kamenička, Řehořov and Vržanov are administrative parts of Kamen ...
– 8 January 1831 in
Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...
) was a
Czech Czech may refer to: * Anything from or related to the Czech Republic, a country in Europe ** Czech language ** Czechs, the people of the area ** Czech culture ** Czech cuisine * One of three mythical brothers, Lech, Czech, and Rus' Places * Czech, ...
composer A composer is a person who writes music. The term is especially used to indicate composers of Western classical music, or those who are composers by occupation. Many composers are, or were, also skilled performers of music. Etymology and Defi ...
of
classical music Classical music generally refers to the art music of the Western world, considered to be distinct from Western folk music or popular music traditions. It is sometimes distinguished as Western classical music, as the term "classical music" also ...
and violinist. He was one of the most popular composers in the 19th century Vienna. Today he is mostly known for his clarinet concertos.


Life

Franz Krommer was born as František Vincenc Kramář in Kamenice. But even his parents were going by a Germanized version of their surname – Krommer. His father was an innkeeper in Kamenice until the family moved to
Třebíč Třebíč (; german: Trebitsch; yi, טרייביטש Treybitsh) is a town in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 34,000 inhabitants. The beginnings of the town's history are connected with the establishment of a Benedictine ...
in 1773. From 1773 to 1776, Franz studied
violin The violin, sometimes known as a ''fiddle'', is a wooden chordophone (string instrument) in the violin family. Most violins have a hollow wooden body. It is the smallest and thus highest-pitched instrument (soprano) in the family in regular ...
and organ with his uncle, Antonín Mattias Kramář (1742-1804), in Tuřany. He became an organist here along with his uncle in 1777. In 1785 he moved to
Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...
and later to
Simontornya Simontornya is a town in Tolna County, Hungary. File:SimonsTower.jpg, Simon's Tower at the center of town See also * Simontornya Castle The Castle of Simontornya is a 13th-century Renaissance castle in Simontornya, Hungary. The castle went ...
in
Hungary Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia a ...
, where he was a violinist and later a Kapellmeister for the orchestra of the Count of Limburg Stirum. In 1790, Krommer was named choirmaster at the
Cathedral A cathedral is a church that contains the '' cathedra'' () of a bishop, thus serving as the central church of a diocese, conference, or episcopate. Churches with the function of "cathedral" are usually specific to those Christian denomination ...
of
Pécs Pécs ( , ; hr, Pečuh; german: Fünfkirchen, ; also known by other #Name, alternative names) is List of cities and towns of Hungary#Largest cities in Hungary, the fifth largest city in Hungary, on the slopes of the Mecsek mountains in the countr ...
, Hungary. In 1793 he became a Kapellmeister to Count Anton II Grassalkovich. He returned to Vienna in 1795, becoming Maestro di Cappella for Duke Ignaz Fuchs in 1798. In 1818 Krommer succeeded
Leopold Koželuch Leopold Koželuch (, born ''Jan Antonín Koželuh'', alternatively also ''Leopold Koželuh'', ''Leopold Kotzeluch'') (26 June 1747 – 7 May 1818) was a Czech composer and music teacher. He was born in the town of Velvary, in Bohemia (present- ...
as composer for the Imperial Court of Austria, the post he held until his death in 1831. He was named a
Kapellmeister (, also , ) from German ''Kapelle'' (chapel) and ''Meister'' (master)'','' literally "master of the chapel choir" designates the leader of an ensemble of musicians. Originally used to refer to somebody in charge of music in a chapel, the term ha ...
in 1818. According to Carl Engel he may have been Kapellmeister as early as 1814.


Compositions

His output was prolific, with at least three hundred published compositions in at least 110
opus number In musicology, the opus number is the "work number" that is assigned to a musical composition, or to a set of compositions, to indicate the chronological order of the composer's production. Opus numbers are used to distinguish among compositio ...
s including at least 9 symphonies, seventy string quartets and many others for winds and strings, about fifteen
string quintet A string quintet is a musical composition for five string players. As an extension to the string quartet (two violins, a viola, and a cello), a string quintet includes a fifth string instrument, usually a second viola (a so-called "viola quintet" ...
s and much sonorous, idiomatic and at times powerful music for wind ensemble, for which he is best known today.


Further reading

*Padrta, Karel. ''Franz Krommer (1759–1831); Thematischer Katalog seiner musikalischen Werke''. Prague: Supraphon, 1997. 425 pp.  (pbk.) *Zouhar, Zdeněk. ''František Vincenc Kramář: 1759–1959: výběrová bibliografie.''
Brno Brno ( , ; german: Brünn ) is a city in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. Located at the confluence of the Svitava and Svratka rivers, Brno has about 380,000 inhabitants, making it the second-largest city in the Czech Republic ...
: Universitní Knihovna, 1959. **Occasionally a system of classification of Krommer's works is seen in use based on Padrta's work. For example, the quintet for flute and strings opus 55 in E minor is PadK VII/3, the concerto opus 86 for flute and orchestra (also in E minor, and often played with clarinet solo) is PadK III/16. These examples are taken from the listings at a Czech radio station's website, which gives both the standard opus numbers (when available) and the newer system
Rozhlas D-Dur
.


References


External links




Biography in English


* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Krommer, Franz 1759 births 1831 deaths 18th-century Austrian musicians 18th-century Austrian male musicians 18th-century classical composers 18th-century Bohemian musicians 18th-century violinists Male classical violinists 19th-century Austrian musicians 19th-century Austrian male musicians 19th-century Czech musicians 19th-century classical composers 19th-century classical violinists Austrian people of Czech descent Czech Classical-period composers Czech male classical composers Czech classical violinists Czech expatriates in Austria Czech expatriates in Hungary People from Jihlava District Musicians from Vienna Czech Romantic composers String quartet composers